Comprehending Bilge Pumps
Similar to your insurance policy, the bilge pump may not be viewed as one of the most thrilling items on your vessel. Nonetheless, when the time comes to use it, the appropriate bilge pump can significantly impact your experience.
This guide aims to help you select the right bilge pump for your boat, outlining various options and detailing some of the most prevalent types and uses of boat bilge pumps.
While not mandated by law in every area, bilge pumps are crucial safety equipment for boating. Whether you’re taking a canoe out on the lake or river, having something to act as a bilge pump—like a bucket for scooping and removing any water entering your boat—would be wise.
Categories of Bilge Pumps
Bilge pumps primarily fall into different categories, such as electric bilge pumps powered by your boat’s battery, generator, or shore power, manual bilge pumps, and both automatic and manual-operated pumps.
1. Electric Bilge Pumps
Electric bilge pumps are energized through your boat’s battery system, shore power, or generator. This category includes automatic pumps that activate at fixed intervals, float switch-activated bilge pumps, and those controlled via a panel switch.
Float switches for bilge pumps are popular due to their efficiency. When water rises to meet the switch, it triggers the pump, which then expels the water, allowing the switch to return to its original position.
Some bilge pumps have an integral float switch incorporated into the unit, making installation easier (less wiring required) and suitable for compact bilge areas. Conversely, other pumps are connected to an external float switch but operate similarly.
The Rule Industries 1500 GPH Electric Bilge Pump is an excellent all-around choice, capable of pumping up to 1500 gallons per hour and powered by 12V direct current.
This type of electric pump can be linked to a bilge pump float switch. The Rule Industries 1500 GPH electric bilge pump is compatible with a 1 1/8-inch hose. It’s always essential to match the inflow and outflow diameters of the pump with the hoses you purchase.
West Marine offers an array of products typically bought together, including the float switch, heat shrink butt connectors, and bilgeflex hose options designed to work with the pump.
2. Manual Bilge Pumps
Manual bilge pumps feature a lever or handle that generates suction to draw water out of the boat. Unlike electric pumps, manual pumps rely on movement of the handle or lever to create suction and expel water through an outflow valve.
The Jabsco Amazon Universal Pump serves as an excellent backup for emergencies and features push-fit ports sized at 1.5 inches.
Manual and hand-operated pumps can potentially save you and your vessel in the event of a power failure. Sportfishing discusses the utility of a hand pump during emergencies.
3. Automatic vs. Non-Automatic Bilge Pumps
Automatic bilge pumps can be programmed to activate at pre-set intervals, making them ideal for boats that frequently connect to shore power.
The Rule 1800 GPH Automatic Bilge Pump, operating on 110V, is a notable selection. This computer-controlled pump features programmable intervals and can handle 1800 gallons per hour, making it suitable for larger recreational boats that regularly use shore power or generators.
This pump runs on alternating current (shore power) and includes a 24’ AC cord. It operates without needing an external float switch. Other automatic bilge pumps may incorporate float switches.
In contrast, non-automatic bilge pumps are manually activated via a switch at the helm. The Rule 2000 GPH Electric Bilge Pump exemplifies a non-automatic nature, boasting high capacity, dry run protection, and availability in both 12V and 24V options.
Choosing a Bilge Pump for Your Boat
Choosing the right bilge pump for your boat involves considering several factors.
1. What capacity of bilge pump is necessary?
Bilge pumps are rated by their capacity, measured in gallons of water pumped per hour. Higher numbers indicate more powerful pumps.
The larger your boat, and the more substantial the area that might need water evacuation, the higher the pump size required. Smaller boats might intuitively require less powerful pumps, but their smaller size means that fewer gallons of water can significantly impact them. Therefore, some smaller vessels should consider a minimum of 500 gallons per hour. Sailboats or those with larger interiors may require even higher pump capacities compared to longer but narrower vessels.
As a general guideline, boats up to 22 feet should consider a pump with 700 gallons per hour. Powerboats in the 24-26’ range might need 700-1,100 gallons per hour.
Larger vessels necessitate higher capacity pumps. Specifications will differ according to your boat’s design, but as a guide: boats up to 30’ should have a pump capacity of 800-1,200 gph, boats from 30-35′ should consider 1,000-1,600 gph, and those from 35-40’ should have capacities of 1,600-2,300 gph.
2. Considerations when selecting pump characteristics
While choosing the appropriate bilge pump, consider these factors:
- The size of your boat and the potential water volume the pump may need to handle in an emergency.
- The measurements of the installation compartment, ensuring compatibility with the pump.
- Ensure the pump’s voltage aligns with your boat’s battery or shore power specifications.
- Consider your preference for an integral float switch versus an external one.
Installation and Upkeep
1. Where should bilge pumps be placed aboard a boat?
Bilge pumps are positioned in the lowest part of a boat, designed to extract water from within the hull. The water evacuated may stem from rain, washdown, ocean spray during movement, or, in emergencies, the bilge pump is crucial to keeping your boat afloat.
The number, type, and size of bilge pumps depend on the vessel in use. Larger boats, or those with several compartments, usually need dedicated pumps for each area that could collect water.
2. Installation process for bilge pumps
Position your bilge pump as low as possible for optimal performance. Additionally, aim to keep discharge hoses short, as the further water must travel, the less efficient the pump will be.
Using smooth bore hoses for intake and discharge also reduces friction, enhancing performance. Adhere to the manufacturer’s guidelines regarding wiring and hardware components, utilizing waterproof butt connectors for wiring protection.
3. Maintenance suggestions for durability
Proper maintenance can enhance efficiency and lifespan of your bilge pump. Here are some recommendations:
- Periodically check wiring, especially when operating in saltwater.
- Inspect for leaks that might expose your bilge and pump to excess water. Employing bilge cleaners and maintaining a clean compartment aids in leak detection.
- Regularly examine the impeller and discharge hoses.
- Clean the pump frequently—removing sediment and buildup contributes to longevity.
Using a Bilge Pump: Procedures and Timing
Every boat should have a bilge pump, typically regarded as one of the key safety apparatuses on the water.
1. When to activate a bilge pump?
Your bilge pump should function whenever there’s excess water in the bilge. Float switches are set at the water level designed to trigger the pump.
The Albin Bilge Monitor system enables you to monitor both bilge water and battery levels via your smartphone, providing a helpful indication of pump performance and timing for bilge pump activation.
2. Guidelines for effective usage
Panel switch-operated bilge pumps should be engaged as required to remove excess water. Manual pumps function similarly. If your boat has multiple compartments prone to water accumulation, consider having a bilge pump for each section.
Diagnosing Common Problems
If you encounter difficulties with your bilge pump, check for these common issues:
- Power problems related to defective wiring or battery failure.
- Clogged intakes—debris or sediment blocking the intake diminishes flow and efficiency.
- Restricted discharge flow—ensure hoses remain free of debris and kinks.
- Confirm that your discharge hose is adequately elevated above the waterline to prevent siphoning.
If your bilge pump persists with issues after these checks, consider replacing it. Remember, a bilge pump is a crucial piece of safety equipment while on the water. Ensure yours is properly configured for your boat, well-maintained, and in prime working condition.
About the Author:
Elliott Stark is the author of The Book on Travel Fishing. He publishes FishTravelEat.com and has fished across four continents.